Database Tooling
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Eric Gullickson
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docs/DATABASE-MIGRATION.md
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docs/DATABASE-MIGRATION.md
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# Database Migration Guide
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This guide explains how to export and import the MotoVaultPro database for deployment migration, backups, and disaster recovery.
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## Quick Start
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### Export Database
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```bash
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# Full database export (compressed SQL)
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./scripts/export-database.sh
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# Schema only (for creating new environments)
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./scripts/export-database.sh --schema-only
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# Specific tables only
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./scripts/export-database.sh --include-table vehicles --include-table fuel_logs
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```
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### Import Database
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```bash
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# Import into new deployment
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./scripts/import-database.sh --create-db database-exports/motovaultpro_export_20250101_120000.sql.gz
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# Import with existing database backup
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./scripts/import-database.sh database-exports/backup.sql.gz
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# Replace existing database (DANGER!)
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./scripts/import-database.sh --drop-existing --force backup.sql.gz
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```
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## Export Script
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### Location
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`scripts/export-database.sh`
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### Features
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- Multiple export formats (SQL, custom, directory)
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- Automatic compression
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- Schema-only or data-only exports
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- Table filtering (include/exclude)
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- Metadata generation
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- Import instructions generation
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### Options
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh [options]
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Options:
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-h, --help Show help message
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-f, --format FORMAT Export format: sql, custom, directory (default: sql)
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-o, --output NAME Custom export filename (without extension)
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-n, --no-compress Don't compress the export
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--schema-only Export schema only (no data)
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--data-only Export data only (no schema)
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--exclude-table TABLE Exclude specific table(s)
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--include-table TABLE Include only specific table(s)
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-c, --container NAME Container name (default: mvp-postgres)
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```
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### Export Formats
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#### SQL Format (Default)
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- Plain text SQL dump
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- Human-readable
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- Automatically compressed with gzip
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- Best for version control and manual review
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh --format sql
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```
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#### Custom Format
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- PostgreSQL custom format
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- Binary and compressed
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- Fastest for large databases
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- Supports parallel restore
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh --format custom
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```
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#### Directory Format
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- Each table in separate file
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- Best for selective restore
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- Supports parallel processing
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh --format directory
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```
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### Examples
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#### Full Production Backup
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh --output production_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d)
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```
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#### Schema for New Environment
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh --schema-only --output schema_template
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```
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#### Specific Feature Data
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh \
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--include-table vehicles \
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--include-table fuel_logs \
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--include-table maintenance_records \
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--output vehicle_data_backup
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```
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#### Exclude Large Tables
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```bash
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./scripts/export-database.sh \
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--exclude-table audit_logs \
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--exclude-table system_events \
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--output core_data_backup
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```
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### Output Files
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Each export creates three files:
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1. **Export File** (`.sql.gz`, `.dump`, or `.dir/`)
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- The actual database dump
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2. **Metadata File** (`*_metadata.json`)
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```json
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{
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"export_timestamp": "2025-01-01T12:00:00Z",
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"database_name": "motovaultpro",
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"export_format": "sql",
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"compressed": true,
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"schema_included": true,
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"data_included": true,
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"postgresql_version": "PostgreSQL 15.x",
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"file_path": "/path/to/export.sql.gz",
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"file_size": "5.2M"
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}
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```
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3. **Import Instructions** (`*_import_instructions.txt`)
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- Step-by-step import guide
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- Format-specific commands
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- Database preparation steps
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## Import Script
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### Location
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`scripts/import-database.sh`
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### Features
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- Auto-detects export format
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- Automatic backup before import
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- Safety confirmations
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- Database creation
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- Import verification
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### Options
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```bash
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./scripts/import-database.sh [options] <export-file>
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Options:
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-h, --help Show help message
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-c, --container NAME Container name (default: mvp-postgres)
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-d, --database NAME Database name (default: motovaultpro)
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--create-db Create database if it doesn't exist
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--drop-existing Drop existing database before import (DANGER!)
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--no-backup Skip backup of existing database
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--force Skip confirmation prompts
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-f, --format FORMAT Import format (auto-detected if not specified)
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```
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### Safety Features
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1. **Automatic Backup**
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- Creates backup of existing database before destructive operations
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- Backup stored in `database-exports/`
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2. **Confirmation Prompts**
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- Requires explicit "yes" for dangerous operations
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- Can be bypassed with `--force` for automation
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3. **Validation**
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- Verifies export file exists
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- Checks PostgreSQL container is running
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- Confirms successful import
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### Examples
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#### Import into New Deployment
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```bash
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# Ensure database doesn't exist
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./scripts/import-database.sh --create-db backup.sql.gz
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```
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#### Import with Backup
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```bash
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# Automatically backs up existing database
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./scripts/import-database.sh backup.sql.gz
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```
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#### Replace Existing Database
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```bash
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# Interactive confirmation required
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./scripts/import-database.sh --drop-existing backup.sql.gz
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# Automated (use with caution!)
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./scripts/import-database.sh --drop-existing --force backup.sql.gz
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```
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#### Import Different Format
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```bash
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# Custom format
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./scripts/import-database.sh --format custom backup.dump
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# Directory format
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./scripts/import-database.sh --format directory backup.dir/
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```
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## Deployment Migration Workflow
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### 1. Export from Source
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```bash
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# On source server
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cd /path/to/motovaultpro
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./scripts/export-database.sh --output migration_$(date +%Y%m%d)
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```
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### 2. Transfer to Target
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```bash
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# Copy export files
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scp database-exports/migration_*.{sql.gz,json,txt} user@target:/path/to/motovaultpro/database-exports/
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```
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### 3. Import on Target
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```bash
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# On target server
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cd /path/to/motovaultpro
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# First time setup
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./scripts/import-database.sh --create-db database-exports/migration_20250101.sql.gz
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# Subsequent imports
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./scripts/import-database.sh --drop-existing database-exports/migration_20250101.sql.gz
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```
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### 4. Verify Import
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```bash
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# Check table count
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docker exec mvp-postgres psql -U postgres -d motovaultpro -c "\dt"
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# Check row counts
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docker exec mvp-postgres psql -U postgres -d motovaultpro -c "
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SELECT schemaname, tablename, n_live_tup as rows
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FROM pg_stat_user_tables
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ORDER BY n_live_tup DESC;
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"
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```
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## Automated Backups
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### Daily Backup Cron Job
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```bash
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# Add to crontab (crontab -e)
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0 2 * * * cd /path/to/motovaultpro && ./scripts/export-database.sh --output daily_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d) >> /var/log/motovaultpro-backup.log 2>&1
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```
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### Weekly Full Backup
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```bash
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# Weekly on Sunday at 3 AM
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0 3 * * 0 cd /path/to/motovaultpro && ./scripts/export-database.sh --format custom --output weekly_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d) >> /var/log/motovaultpro-backup.log 2>&1
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```
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### Retention Script
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```bash
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# Keep last 7 daily backups and 4 weekly backups
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find database-exports/ -name "daily_backup_*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -delete
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find database-exports/ -name "weekly_backup_*.dump" -mtime +28 -delete
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```
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## Troubleshooting
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### Export Issues
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#### Container Not Running
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```bash
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Error: PostgreSQL container 'mvp-postgres' is not running
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Solution:
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docker compose up -d mvp-postgres
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```
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#### Permission Denied
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```bash
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Error: Permission denied: /database-exports/
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Solution:
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chmod +x scripts/export-database.sh
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mkdir -p database-exports
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chmod 755 database-exports
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```
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### Import Issues
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#### Database Already Exists
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```bash
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Error: Database 'motovaultpro' does not exist. Use --create-db to create it
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Solution:
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./scripts/import-database.sh --create-db backup.sql.gz
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```
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#### Import Failed Mid-Way
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```bash
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# Restore from automatic backup
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./scripts/import-database.sh --drop-existing database-exports/motovaultpro_backup_*.sql.gz
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```
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## Best Practices
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### Production Exports
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1. **Schedule during low-traffic periods**
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2. **Use custom format for large databases** (faster, compressed)
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3. **Store exports offsite** (S3, backup server)
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4. **Test restores regularly** (monthly verification)
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5. **Keep multiple generations** (daily, weekly, monthly)
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### Development Imports
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1. **Use schema-only for clean environments**
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2. **Sanitize production data** before importing to dev
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3. **Keep test data exports** for consistent testing
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4. **Document data dependencies** between tables
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### Security
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1. **Encrypt exports in transit** (SCP with SSH keys)
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2. **Encrypt exports at rest** (filesystem encryption)
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3. **Limit export access** (sudo/docker group only)
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4. **Audit export operations** (log all exports)
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5. **Rotate encryption keys** regularly
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## Advanced Usage
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### Incremental Backups
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For very large databases, use PostgreSQL WAL archiving:
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```bash
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# Enable WAL archiving in postgresql.conf
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wal_level = replica
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archive_mode = on
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archive_command = 'cp %p /path/to/archive/%f'
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# Base backup
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docker exec mvp-postgres pg_basebackup -D /backup/base -Ft -z -P
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# Restore with WAL replay
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# See PostgreSQL documentation for WAL restore process
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```
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### Selective Table Restore
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```bash
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# Export specific table
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./scripts/export-database.sh --include-table vehicles --output vehicles_only
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# Import into existing database (appends data)
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gunzip -c database-exports/vehicles_only.sql.gz | \
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docker exec -i mvp-postgres psql -U postgres -d motovaultpro
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```
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### Data Migration Between Versions
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```bash
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# Export from old version
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./scripts/export-database.sh --format custom --output migration_v1_to_v2
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# Run migrations on target
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docker exec mvp-backend node dist/_system/migrations/run-all.js
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# Import data
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./scripts/import-database.sh migration_v1_to_v2.dump
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```
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## Monitoring
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### Export Size Tracking
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```bash
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# Track export sizes over time
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ls -lh database-exports/*.sql.gz | awk '{print $5, $9}' >> backup-sizes.log
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```
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### Import Duration
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The import script automatically logs duration. For detailed monitoring:
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```bash
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time ./scripts/import-database.sh backup.sql.gz
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```
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## Support
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For issues or questions:
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1. Check the import instructions file generated with each export
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2. Review logs in `docker logs mvp-postgres`
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3. Consult PostgreSQL documentation for pg_dump/pg_restore
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4. Create an issue in the project repository
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